French Revolution test review from last year

Hello. It has been a long time since my last post. I thought that since I am not teaching this unit, I should include some materials from last year that may be helpful. Check back often, as I will copy and paste review materials (and even some primary documents!).Above: The storming of the Tuileries Palace and the killing of the Swiss Guards. August 10, 1792.

1. What was the immediate cause of the French Revolution?
2. Explain the voting by order/voting by head controversy. What did it lead to?
3. Who wrote (i.e. what group) the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
4. Why was a Republican calendar instituted?
5. Who supported the Directory after the Thermidorean Reaction?
6. What was the “Great Fear”?
7. What was the refractory clergy? Describe its views/goals.
8. Why was Jean-Paul Marat murdered? By whom? What was her motivation?
9. Why were Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette forced to leave Versailles?
10. What does the phrase “whiff of grapeshot” refer to?
11. Who were the emigres?
12. What was the Grande Armee? What was the National Guard?
13. How did Abbe Sieyes influence pre and post-revolutionary events?
14. What two European states challenged revolutionaries during the early stages of the French Revolution?
15. What was the Flight to Varennes?
16. Why did Edmund Burke disagree with Thomas Paine in regard to the French Revolution?
17. How did the French Revolution affect British politics?
18. Why was the Terror successful (initially)?
19. What was Robespierre’s justification for the Terror?
20. How were Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollestonecraft different in their view advocating the rights of women?
21. Relate the Phrygian cap to the cockade/tricolor.
22. Place all parties/groups on a left/right political spectrum.
23. Who was Gracchus Babeuf / the “Conspiracy of Equals”?
24. On which day (Revolutionary calendar) did “the Corsican Crocodile dissolve the Council of Frogs”?
25. What were the satellite “sister republics”?
26. How did Napoleon attain a good reputation in Italy?
27. What did the Concordat with the Catholic Church accomplish?
28. How did Napoleon betray the Jacobin club?
29. Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?
30. Discuss the terms “first consul,” “consul for life,” and “emperor.”

The Siege of Vienna, 1529

Interesting documentary (especially for uniforms, weapons, and re-enactments) from the Military History Channel, in six parts.

Here is Part I. (The rest is on Youtube at this link: http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=siege+of+vienna+1529&aq=2&oq=siege+of+vienna+)

List of Popes during the reign of Henry VIII

Source: Wikipedia. Click to enlarge

I hope you are enjoying the reading assignment. Possible pop quiz tomorrow!

Study guide terms for tomorrow's multiple choice test

Make sure to check the Power Point update in the post below.

As for the study guide, anything below the Battle of Mohacs will not be on the test, as we have not discussed these things in class.

We will "tie up" these "loose ends" after the multiple choice section on Monday, then head to the situation in England and Henry VIII.

Power Point from Thursday

Here is the rest of the Power Point.

"Problem #3: The Ottoman Turks" will not be on the test. You do not have to know about the Battle of Mohacs, as we have not yet discussed it in class.

Above: Aachen Cathedral (right), started by Charlemagne; site of coronations in Holy Roman Empire from 936-1531

Burgher Reform

•at first urban phenomenon

•why?

•trading cities

–hard-working merchant class (vs. “lazy priests”)

–middle class affected lower class

–financial independence (vs. Church and HRE taxes)

•more Catholic in S. Germany

–investments in property (incl. churches)

–closer to Italy (there were exceptions to this)

–Habsburg family influence

–stronger nobility

•

Spread of Reformation

•Diets allowed for delays in official decision regarding reformers (afraid of defections/civil war in HRE)

•1529: Reforming princes met in Speyer to complain about Charles

•prepared a “protest” (Lutherans -> Reformers -> “Protestants”)

•Bohemia fertile ground; why?

•Hus!

•also Hungary; why?

•Catholic armies losing to Turks; open area for Protestant missionaries

Above: Eastward expansion: Kronstadt, Transylvania (modern-day Brasov, Romania)

German Catholic cathedral became Lutheran

Nothing about the Reformation spreading to Scandinavia will be on this test.

Since this was a large unit, and since Greek Week took up a lot of fourth block, we will have two tests in this unit. Tomorrow's multiple choice will cover mostly Luther and related political and cultural issues. Later, there will be a test on the Peace of Augsburg, Zwingli and Calvin, and the "reformation" in England.

Check back later today for an update regarding the study guide.

Erasmus from (of?) Rotterdam

Hello. I hope you're all enjoying your weekend. In between college football games yesterday I did a little extra research on Erasmus, which is a subject that has defined Labor Day for the last few years now. Although there are plenty of academic biographies of the man, my favorite remains Stefan Zweig's narrative paean, Erasmus of Rotterdam (1934). Zweig was a Viennese writer from the early twentieth century who was clairvoyant enough to see what was about to happen to his homeland (and people like him within it), and fled to London the year he published this book.

Here is an excerpt (I took photographs of the pages, as I lack a scanner) from the book, and the accompanying Hans Holbein portrait it discusses (click on photos to enlarge if necessary):

And here is a link to an interesting article about an international project involving the translation of Erasmus' works:
http://www.dickinson.edu/story.aspx?id=10737429029

Renaissance Test Tips 2, 3, 4...

Make sure you go over the handout "On Machiavelli" (one sheet, double-sided). The last question addresses the value of "virtu" and asks you to relate it to what Pico della Mirandola states in "Oration on the Dignity of Man."

Questions about art will include a few works we have studied, but there will also be one work which we have not looked at. You will have to explain why it is a Renaissance (and not medieval) work of art. Be sure to review the concepts of perspective and chiaroscuro.

Also, there is a quote from Machiavelli in the reading handout "The End of the Reniassance" from "The Brick." I suggest you re-read this quote and place it in the larger cultural context of the Renaissance (you can relate it to Cosimo de' Medici's "hobby" and Botticelli's non-Christian paintings, among other things)

Remember to come to class early (1:10 or so) for a quick review!